Maulana mohammad akram khan of Bengal was a member of its Central Executive and Constitution Committee. However, the movement's objectives of communal harmony and nonviolence suffered a setback because of the Hijrat Exodus to Afghanistan in of about 18, Muslim peasants, mostly from Sind and North Western Provinces, the excesses of Muslims who felt that India was Dar-ul-Harb Apostate land , the Moplah rebellion in South India in August , and the Chauri-Chaura incident in February in the United Provinces where a violent mob set fire to a police station killing twenty-two policemen.
Soon after Gandhi called off the Non-cooperation movement, leaving Khilafat leaders with a feeling of betrayal. The extra-territorial loyalty of Khilafat leaders received a final and deadly blow from the Turks themselves. The charismatic Turkish nationalist leader Mustafa Kemal's startling secular renaissance, his victories over invading Greek forces culminating in the abolition of the Sultanate in November , and the transformation of Turkey into a Republic in October , followed by the abolition of the Khilafat in March , took the Khilafatists unaware.
By the Khilafat Movement, had become devoid of any relevance and significance and met its end. The first stirrings in favour of the Khilafat Movement in Bengal was seen on 30 December at the 11th Session of the All India muslim league held in Delhi. In his presidential address, ak fazlul huq voiced concern over the attitude of Britain and her allies engaged in dividing and distributing the territories of the defeated Ottoman Empire.
When the Paris Peace Conference confirmed these apprehensions, Bengali Khilafat leaders such as Maulana Akram Khan, Abul Kasem, and mujibur rahman khan held a Public meeting in Calcutta on 9 February to enlist public support in favour of preserving the integrity of the Ottoman Empire and saving the institution of Khilafat. The Bengal movement benefited from coordinated action by and between the Central and Provincial Khilafat leaders.
In the initial stage, the movement was popularised by Bengali leaders such as Maulana Akram Khan, maniruzzaman islamabadi , Mujibur Rahman Khan, the brothers Maulana m abdullahil kafi and Maulana muhammad abdullahil baqi , ismail hossain shiraji , Abul Kasem and AK Fazlul Huq. In an article Asahojogita-o-Amader Kartabya non cooperation and our obligation , Maniruzzaman Islambadi declared that to protect Khilafat and to acquire Swaraj were the twin aims of the movement and that it was the sacred duty of every Indian to support these ideas.
During the observance of the first Khilafat Day on 17 October , most Indian-owned shops remained closed in Calcutta, prayers were offered at different mosques, and public meetings were held all over Bengal. It was resolved that pending a resolution of the Khilafat problem there would be no participation in the proposed peace celebrations, that British goods should be boycotted, and that a policy of non-cooperation with the government would be adopted.
Several members of the Central Khilafat Committee attended. Prominent Bengali Khilafat leaders such as AK Fazlul Huq, Abul Kasem, Mujibur Rahman participated in the conference and reiterated the view that unless their demands on the Khilafat problem were met non-cooperation and boycott would continue. The conference decided to observe 19 March as the Second Khilafat Day.
Abul Kasem represented Bengal in this delegation. Local Khilafat Committees were also constituted. In Calcutta life almost came to a standstill and numerous Khilafat meetings were held in dhaka , Chittagong and Mymensingh. But he was sure that no such movement could be organised without bringing the Hindus and Muslims closer together.
One way of doing this , he felt to take up khilafat issue. There were rumours that a harsh peace treaty was going to be imposed on the Ottoman emperor , who was the spiritual head khilafa of the Islamic world. The Muslims of India decided to force Britain to change her Turkish policy. A young generation of Muslim leaders like brothers Muhammad Ali n shaukat Ali , began discussing with Mahatma Gandhi about the possibility of a united mass action on the issue. Shipra Rekha Acharya Jan 31, During the 1st world war, Turkey helped Germany to war against British.
The Khilafat Movement expanded to South Asia under the leadership of ali brothers. Gandhiji advised the Muslim leaders to start non-cooperation with the British to force them to re-establish Khilafat.. I hope it's helpful for us. Upvote 3. This discussion on Why was Khilafat Movement launched?
If the answer is not available please wait for a while and a community member will probably answer this soon. Apart from being the largest Class 10 community, EduRev has the largest solved Question bank for Class Upgrade to Infinity.
While seemingly pan-Islamic, the movement was primarily a means of achieving pan-Indian Muslim political mobilization. Its purpose was to pressure the British government to preserve the authority of the Ottoman Sultan as Caliph of Islam following the breakup of the Ottoman Empire at the end of the war. Indian supporters of the Khilafat cause sent a delegation to London in to plead their case, but the British government treated the delegates as quixotic pan-Islamists , and did not change its policy toward Turkey.
The significance of the Khilafat movement, however, lies less in its supposed pan-Islamism than in its impact upon the Indian nationalist movement. The Khilafat issue crystallized anti-British sentiments among Indian Muslims that had increased since the British declaration of war against the Ottomans in The Khilafat leaders, most of whom had been imprisoned during the war because of their pro-Turkish sympathies, were already active in the Indian nationalist movement. Upon their release in , they espoused the Khilafat cause as a means to achieve pan-Indian Muslim political solidarity in the anti-British cause.
The Khilafat movement also benefited from Hindu-Muslim cooperation in the nationalist cause that had grown during the war, beginning with the Lucknow Pact of between the Indian National Congress and the Muslim League, and culminating in the protest against the Rowlatt anti-Sedition bills in The National Congress, led by Mahatma Gandhi , called for non-violent non-cooperation against the British.
Gandhi espoused the Khilafat cause, as he saw in it the opportunity to rally Muslim support for nationalism. The combined Khilafat Non-Cooperation movement was the first all-India agitation against British rule. It saw an unprecedented degree of Hindu-Muslim cooperation and it established Gandhi and his technique of non-violent protest satyagraha at the center of the Indian nationalist movement.
Mass mobilization using religious symbols was remarkably successful, and the British Indian government was shaken. In late , the government moved to suppress the movement.
0コメント