But in reality, there are just 2 unbonding electrons left on the middle oxygen atom. It is because the O3 has 2 resonance structures that keep resonating and double bond and single bond forms alternatively at both sides. Both of these structures are shown in the figure shown above. Hence, Middle Oxygen atom is left with 1 lone pair of electrons. Also, the lone pair provides greater repulsion to bond pairs on both sides, O3 molecular geometry comes out to be bent.
The angle between its bond pairs comes out to be degrees. Due to the lone pair-bond pair repulsion, the O3 molecule is bent in shape which results in a net dipole that imparts polarity in the molecule. In the O2 molecule, 2 oxygen atoms are joined together with a double bond between them. Each of these atoms has 2 lone pairs on each other but as there are only 2 atoms in this molecule, O2 is linear in shape.
Also, the atoms are the same i. Therefore, the O2 molecule comes out to be non-polar. But the case of O3 is different as there are 3 atoms due to which it has a bent shape.
This bent shape results in net electric dipole which imparts polar nature in the O3 molecule. The Ozone molecule does not maintain any symmetry, it is bent in shape due to unequal lone pairs on all the oxygen atoms. It is very well known that lone pair-lone pair repulsion is greater than bond pair-bond pair and lone pair-bond pair repulsion. Therefore, Oxygen atoms in Ozone face lone pair-lone pair repulsion that leads to a bent shape.
The outer oxygen atom that is connected to the central atom has a partial negative charge as it contains more lone pairs than other Oxygen atoms. While the center Oxygen atom has a partial positive charge on it. The polar molecule always has a net dipole moment value. For example, the dipole moment of ozone is 0. The net dipole moment of a nonpolar molecule comes out to be 0 D. Greater the net dipole moment value, more is the polarity of the molecule.
In a molecule, if there is a difference in electronegativities of both atoms then the bond shared by both is polar. Greater the difference in electronegativities of atoms more is the overall polarity. This lone pair of electrons results in ozone's bent shape. Also, the oxygen with the lone pair has a partially positive charge, while the single bonded oxygen has a partial negative charge.
And because of the molecule's shape, the dipole moments don't cancel, so the molecule is polar. Jump to. The distribution of electrons across the molecule is uneven — since the middle oxygen atom has to share electrons with two other atoms, but the other atoms only have to share electrons with one other atom. This results in the central atom having 'less share' of the electron density compared to the others. Because of this, Ozone has a ' resonance ' habit to its structure.
Why is ozone molecule polar? Nov 27, Related questions How do I determine the molecular shape of a molecule? What is the lewis structure for co2?
0コメント